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Challenges in building security. WiMAX technology.

Challenges in building security. WiMAX technology.

Dr.Hari Ramakrishna.

Lecturer Department of CSE..

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology.

Gandipet -500 075, Hyderabad.

dr.hariramakrishna @ rediffmail.com.

Ravi K.

Professor Lecturer

Department of Information.

Alluri Institute of Management. Science

. Kolipakaravi@yahoo.co.in

K. Anil Kumar.

Assoc. Professor

Department of Information.

Alluri Institute of Management Sciences.

kak_9920020@yahoo.com.

Abstract.

Now Using a mobile phone here than anywhere else in the world and to cover the phone with indoor and mobile network operators in the shade. Services for indoor coverage, without the cost how to assist the addition of a cell network planning website for the action of Area Network. Replica

In this paper, we have ideas of what the Project. Difficulties indoor projects. Such as WiFi, WiMAX technology and the ability to improve on reporting. This paper also includes style and architecture for better reception inside buildings offer.

Keywords: coverage, indoor, indoor traffic. WiMAX, Wi - Fi, BTS, antenna, Modem.

A preliminary

Mobile phone usage is higher than any in the world and millions of subscribers to the quality of the service, wherever they go. But difficult for the members of this rule to place, to cover the macro wireless network. Cell structure as a unique high office underground shopping in the city of density and entertainment. The wrong time and train hundreds of small room in large apartment buildings.

Accommodation does not always, the outside of area covered in full. Cover outdoor (macro-network). Continuously during the cell-site updated and improved the speed decreases. But in a region - in offices, Commercial buildings and dormitories. Can often be by things that are affected beyond the control of the carrier. Our phone number and e-mail address as many as a way connect to is not that we do not do. However, building materials like concrete steel and glass painting brick and brick buildings in the shade. You can use the proliferation of cell phone signals and PCS is the best location. Changes in climate and environment outside of the leaf or terrain can affect the signal.

WiMAX operators, several important steps wait in the planning or WiMAX network with help to get their licenses are often required to transfer from the product. Mobile WiMAX, or select one or more manufacturers and terminates. Finally, she Ready to begin rolling out networks and test them in an environment with real money from the members of the network load.

Operator. Progress of the network or the hot topics in the facility. Radio Access Network (run) has the outdoor and indoor coverage. Member networks began their The density is high that a new device and its application to be a priority.

These are all problems that arise. New wireless data technology underlying physics is that they must overcome in order to get better coverage and capacity as well. WiMAX is no exception, despite the fact that techniques such as Frequency Division scene Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) to increase the reach and capacity.

2 Threats for the security within the building.

A combination of demand for high capacity and access to an extensive network of sites in the shade. The challenge of creating a mobile broadband network. This is not a unique challenge for operators. WiMAX: Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB fight) operators. Very similar situation in due course. WiMAX indoor coverage is a significant burden on the existing network resources add, are lost due to drilling of the first wall at regular intervals between 10-20 dB.

To extend the protection and development of Indoors. WiMAX is changing the form of adaptation is a function of the dynamic member location is. But to pay the stiff price: the increase and until the request. low throughput.

In the vicinity of the outdoor equipment. Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is used to set the project effective square wave spectrum. (QAM) with high spectral efficiency. But the majority of the members tend to stay at home. Place or the cell edge quadrature. Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and replace underperforming, the range Impact of adjustment is important. With QPSK 2.1 data rates can only 20% of the maximum throughput that can be used with QAM 6.5, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Impact of adjustment on the network data rate. WiMAX.

To make matters worse, are members of the umbrella organization More likely to have more bandwidth to use locations within a building, because it is simply more than those for the user, the data to a number of mobile users and Partners. Used has been used more frequently. high throughput, the total production will increase in the mobile network using network resources more because it small and limited Current. More.

WiMAX network capacity constraints and high power density article is due. The combination of high spaces coupled with the increasing Acceptance of mobile phones that are not typically used, can adapt to increase the most powerful place in the shade and a user-level traffic.

High Density BTS must meet the needs of domestic coverage and capacity. Add a new source of cells, the power of the wave, and network resources requires effective and to tackle the traffic in the same area. To achieve this new network architecture is necessary and BTS is shifting in the vicinity of the building, one member.

Three-layer architecture for the position.

Assuming that mobile devices can be performed by mobile users to send signals. Various wireless technologies such as infrared wireless LANs and Figure 2 shows the architecture includes an indoor location hierarchy. For example, a mobile device. With the to receive proper network connections signals. ID of WLAN access points and infrared transmitters. Correct position of the wireless and infrared signals. The signals are pre-program called client the mobile phone installed every area.

Figure 2: Architecture of the hierarchical position offers indoor

Customer-ID-signal is at the Mobile Host received signal strengths and password each checkpoint. Wi-Fi access, or only the ID infrared transmitter to a server location. Server site is about the location of the mobile host and then sent back to the customer at the location and service areas, which correspond to the approximate location of the users get mobile services. Position If such a database on a server that stored the path of the moving story of every mobile user track. Ownership of mobile signal. ID infrared tracking error Distance of only a few centimeters to several meters from the infrared signal. But a signal point code. WLAN is removed error of the estimated positions by 10 to 100 meters from the Wireless Access Point.

Figure 3: Structure functions of the client and the server location.

Information about the Location via infrared signals more precisely than wireless access point to send it from the infrared position of the device smaller. WLAN access points generally access point. WLAN can be the entire to cover the environment. It is difficult for the infrared signal transmission. Therefore, the position is set on a server near the signs. The WLAN Access Point is detected when the infrared signal is the position of the mobile phone owners will be punished immediately the position of the infrared transmitters, such as infrared technology. More precisely.

Hierarchical architecture proposed position based on customer servers.

functional structure of the server and the client is shown in Figure 3 ratings sites mobile devices Using the storage module signal module location and the service module area. Signal collection module is responsible for detecting the position of the wireless signal difference. Location Module is responsible for providing the library. Information such as received signal strength of the signal. Indicator (RSSI) and infrared-ID (irid) set up a server and the estimated position from the server location.

After the service module positions around the local area or related actions for Mobile phone users. Server contains position and motor position. Database Engine position is responsible for about the location of mobile users for signals sent from the client. The general situation about the measured RSSI at least three points.

And the position of the engine. And adjusted for cross-checking information on the location of the signs for other wireless technologies. The difference to improve the accuracy. The mission of the engine placement is to send Approximate location of the module back to the customer. The database is to record the approximate location for the path of every cell phone user can continue to check and

4 and Building insurance WiMAX.

WiMAX contract in connection with the widespread and generally available systems for fixed and mobile Phones and supports bandwidth-hungry, no sweat. But as with other wireless broadband technology. The basis for the market. WiMAX is still in the The indoor area of high challenge here is primarily used to connect to. WiMAX, while in the house. In fact, according to Senza Fili Consulting For, 75% of WiMAX Operators estimate that more than 80% of the participants join the network. WiMAX, while in the house.

Top More often than not the long-range Indoor use and bandwidth for a more intensive use of capacity for the best reporting on women offer So for the best user experience to improve Interior has a very important task.

4.1 Security within the building. HALLENGE in WiMAX.

The demand for space in the large and high density are needed to translate high density. BTS, to apply an increasing number of BTS in with multiple devices and additional programs. To find more sectors. Macro BTS often not possible or cost. For entrepreneurs, it will effectively progress to more difficult and expensive high number of Macrocells support.

Costs for equipment, although significant. Normally not a major obstacle to the use of macros fixed. Buy-site, site preparation and installation is a big difference in total CAPEX can make it impossible for operators in areas with high density of users a company or have not come to their profitability delays.

As the number of BTS and increased traffic that the operators must be careful to check the growth of spending. When backhaul traffic from each BTS must be transported by wire OPEX costs can rise quickly if the BTS has its own link. Depending on where the structure connecting wire (probably DSL or fiber) can be expensive and not easily made in some areas (eg street lights).

Wireless Backhaul contrast, for backhaul. Operating costs as well, the. The operation of the overall traffic capacity and jump up. Backhaul costs are available for each user. BTS, but it can also increase the frequency and additional equipment investment. In addition, relay stations to support wireless backhaul and no need for the cost and duration of the preparation for multiple locations. Backhaul.

4.2 Beyond MACRO BTS.

In the first phase of the most active. WiMAX network architecture in the central several macros. BTS is it more effective to achieve a good coverage of the outdoors. Though limited BTS network architecture to central macro cell size is often not good at any time. to press for indoor environments and higher capacity costs Hardware and buy a site and installed quickly. outgrows revenue opportunities difficult. To achieve this positive ROI.

New on the Territory and the operators must be adapted to compact. Smaller BTS that support effective solutions. Backhaul is also less difficult requirements on the ground and the costs that they will be installed in locations more accessible. (Lampposts house walls), near the road, and they consume less energy. Because of the reduced Size and weight, they are facilitated for the operator of a cell site and the existing requirements.

802.16j IEEE standard is to additional support to bring integrated WiMAX wireless backhaul. It shows a commitment to industry-standard solutions used provide very compact BTS is based on the counter. Wireless Backhaul

Table. 1: WiMAX BTS option.

WiMAX operator have begun to alternative network architecture to be used to expand the macro-structure and begin to wander to increase use more mobile providers Capacity and indoor coverage. These options are different types of housing. BTS (Table 1), forming a network drive to increase the indoor coverage and capacity be extended on request. They are members.

• Micro cells, or cells. Pico in the open instead of covered in the vicinity of the building. Outdoor micro-cells and pico-cells are smaller and less expensive than macro. BTS many areas, but they usually have a number. More limited, and if they have a very limited sector capacity in their often used, you will be used in dense networks, where each cell covers a small area in urban areas with high concentrations of users and traffic and ensure better protection capacity. You are in lamp posts, rooftops or on the wall. Micro cells and pico cells on wires or cables. Mesh backhaul topologies can bring backhaul. Wireless is a Metro station.

• Pico cell in an enclosed public place or in the building of the organization to high density. And to create a lot of indoor coverage solutions are often the only way to create deep under cover offer you are smaller than cells and micro cells. Pico Room and cost and ease of installation. Even lower than they are installed on walls or ceilings. Picocells can backhaul wireless or wired. Depending on the Reliability and cost effectiveness of connectors available. Affordable broadband services, wired connections, which often proved to be effective than those available Solution. Wired connections in buildings can not run or expensive. Wireless backhaul is used instead.

• Expansion of local residents and small businesses have installed femtocells Self - femtocells in low-cost improvements in the range of are used in the home or small office can. They live in a DSL or cable modem broadband Internet connection. Backhaul entrepreneurs often not directly involved. Installing femtocells members usually buy them in stores and installed at home or office.

5 create and improve coverage. WiMAX.

Generally over broadband wireless systems industry focus. Backend (Wireless Access Network and Core Network) to increase network efficiency, especially for indoor . Improve As WiMAX is concerned, WiMAX modems are often treated as equipment for end use connections. User role is only to send and receive. The time is there with reliable and credited to an important role. - Improvement of the interior.

The four methods that can work with. WiMAX modems play a role in improving of the following areas within the building.

1) improve the uplink. (Via antenna next generation).

2) Use the appropriate type of antenna.

3) Put the appropriate modem.

4) improve the indoor environments with WiFi.

Figure 4: WiMAX role in improving indoor use.

5.1 In order to improve reception of uplink.

The fact that many technologies, such as base lead. 4T4R MIMO radio on to give a building to reduce the loss and send energy. But these technologies be rare. To increase the uplink signal, which is often a bottleneck, Limited interior of the interface between mobile devices is often easier. Downlink-uplink connection is through the Send an indoor modem enabled. With low power (200mW) compared with the base station transmitter. (10W), so that protection is the interface between mobile devices. Always limited.

Figure 5 shows. Downlink and covers the connection between the mobile antennas with different technologies. Loss of connection uplink. (Point) came much earlier than the loss. Downlink connections (points B, C and D) and at this point can not connect the modem to the base. Although MIMO and Beam Forming can be expanded to receive the downlink (B, C and D) These technologies do not help in promoting the uplink.

Figure 5: Uplink and extensive connections. Downlink antenna technology differently.

There are several technologies that improve it can. The uplink is used in a way. Switched Tx diversity, special antennas are needed and how to send the route to a better antenna. This method allows to send the modem to a radio signal from the antenna to best improve the overall signal transmission with a compromise for a little extra switches and minimal energy loss.

How to improve transmission. to extend dual transmitter with Cyclic Delay range (CDD 2TX) to the two powers. (PA) and two antennas. This method can also improve the entire delivery. In addition to signal strength. 2TX CDD, a different method with more space. 2TX Time Coding (STC), but R1.5 WiMAX base station must be able to support STC users better. The uplink.

Figure 6 describes how the communication between mobile devices can expand the diversity. Switched Tx (E), dual-transmitter for cyclic delay diversity (point F) and area 2TX Time Coding (G), it is important to note that only one of these technologies can be used if

Figure 6: Communication between mobile antenna technology to extend through the next generation.

5.2 Use the appropriate type of antenna.

Antenna designs are often black than an art. There are many factors that affect the antenna. For example, the performance factors such as material type and length of antenna designs with practical antennas.

In general, the type of antenna as the antenna and antenna is used. Patch Patch Omni antenna from one or more sheets of water with distance above and parallel to the surface plane. This makes the patch. Antennas with radiation patterns are very directional. While Omni antenna of a normal piece of cloth placed at the base level of common This makes the Omni antenna radiates the signals of the antenna perpendicular to the stable.

Figure 7 shows the radiation pattern. To Processing of 3D and Omni antennas, Red shows the most important positions or areas with the highest profits compared mast from the diagram it is clear that there is an antenna. Patch directivity. So strong. Modem must be to ensure that the surface modem emitted radiation pattern to optimize the base station.

Figure 7: Patch antenna and an Omni-rays.

But Omni antenna radiates into the plane stable and does not need the base station in a Way had felt. Therefore suitable for use in certain indoor location of the nearest base station is hard to define.

5.3 MODEM appropriate.

It is important to note that the signal WiMAX will be published on the radio, and indoor location-aware. Ably more space indoors.

WiMAX operators and users should know how the internal modem. Initially, only to place the modem near the window shade in the Face of the base station, as in Figure 8 improve the performance of the antennas because of the rapid loss of radio waves to the offensive glass. 6dB () is much less than the loss of penetration of concrete. (13dB or more).

Figure 8: Indoor WiMAX Modem, switch the base station.

Second, put the modem near the window, in contrast to reach out the window. better throughput due to improved indoor use. From observation to work and experiment.

5.4 Promotion of building insurance. WIFI.

Some users may point out that it is not easy. Limit the use of computers in the areas near the window. They may also want the convenience and flexibility the wireless sharing. Broadband connection. WiFi.

Therefore, supplement with WiFi. WiMAX can offer great advantages for the indoor coverage One of the ways walk you through it, use a modem is included. WiMAX - WiFi, WiMAX, called Integrated Access Device (IAD), this will help. WiMAX - In - WiFi - Out WiFi and WiMAX signals be in the modem to send the same signal will be connected to Accessories, know that WiFi and WiMAX base stations simultaneously.

For example, in Fig. 9 below, the user can Indoor WiMAX modem suitable location. (Usually next to the window). And enabled flexibility of WiMAX equipment through its various WiFi home or in the office near the small

Figure 9: Place WiMAX for better indoor coverage.

Nevertheless, in both WiMAX and WiFi with the same person. In many countries, particularly in Asia and the United States. WiMAX is the 2.3 GHz and 2.5 GHz frequency that almost the frequency of hits when the stock 2.4 GHz WiMAX and WiFi WiFi frequency samples. Disturbances may occur and is separated. To the problem of interference to a modem available wired and wireless technologies. To participate in one device.

Advantages include the modem. WiFi - WiMAX is the antenna be designed properly to separate interference. Radio control high on style. Also, because the internal antenna. stationary modems have better control. WiFi and WiMAX radio users to allow for WiFi connectivity and the best. WiMAX in the same situation.

6 MODEL FOR LTE Insurance Building.

Challenges presented by 3G/Universal. Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that needs more demand. LTE Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification for development. LTE is an evolution of UMTS, a number of advantages, including increased frequency and reduced latency to the performance and increase limits as well as offer both GSM / HSPA and CDMA / EVDO service migration path to the platform. 4G focuses on cooperation.

But evolutionary Advantage. LTE is felt that the service allows customers to get better. In ABI Research's 2009 report as expected by 2013 over 67% of the total mobile phone Send 3G + is the traffic from mobile phones is already established. 60% for calls and set up. 90% for the technical information. Themes and patterns of sharing can be seen that most of the revenue opportunity will be found in buildings therefore require extensive construction in the wireless, the protection and the problems will be addressed and provider Users alike.

Poor wireless range is recognized. Global is one of the biggest hurdles facing mobile operators today, more serious the Services and information licenses. LTE is the frequency up to 2.6 GHz. Download the Agreement and 100Mbps. Upload speed of 50Mbps cell There are several aspects to consider, need to efficiently create wireless area with some important questions are asked, where necessary. Deployment Solution for LTE.

1.6 How to change differently.

Traditionally, mobile networks with the "Outside In" approach to network service providers to buildings to penetrate both macro and micro level. With the largest selection of buildings, coupled with modern and energy efficient building methods and materials, drilling of the macro-network can not work. Carriers building owners and businesses to adapt the system to include wireless performance of the building. This is the only way to get good signal strength maintain and meet service levels and data called for a review of the current mobile broadband subscribers, while confident of the performance of the network infrastructure for service providers.

LTE with a variety of options from the antenna. Multiple - In - Multiple - Out (MIMO), MIMO technology for outdoor use developed and has been much discussion about the requirements for the deployment. MIMO is also creates uncertainty, which is not as cost effective. But can the specific project. MIMO can be useful be, it is important to use comprehensive solutions. This flexibility should be available. Careful planning and the antenna site of a budget solution to the cell to protect edge performance requirements of mobile phone users, appropriate bandwidth.

6.2 Frequency and duplex printing.

LTE standard allows both frequency duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) variables that can examine the wide range of frequencies. 700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz and 2600MHz ABI 2009 Report on the wireless use has been created. LTE in China as good as certain. TDD is a challenge in selecting the appropriate Technology to create a comprehensive wireless flexible for accommodating these types of options. The use of multiple carriers is possible that the multiple frequency plans. Duplex printing must be in the same system. In addition, the use of several such support is available. 2G and 3G services simultaneously.

There are three ways to improve buildings in the area, including wireless. Radio repeater and distributed antenna distribution solutions. Distributed Systems (DAS) DAS is usually like at the middle level. Large infrastructure projects to improve the ability to complete and unified wireless service in many indoor low capital expenditure and to provide the costs.

6.3 distribution antenna system.

Antenna distribution system. (DAS) consists of building a network of antennas over the last wishes to cover only the building. There are two types of the original DAS, passive and active. Hybrid solutions are available for agencies in the building. Food Network, for each small antenna. passive.

Passive DAS consists of a network cable. Coaxial cable, Coupler, and the decentralization of distribution. Wireless coverage throughout the building ABI Research. Identified in its 2009 report that the system is passive DAS is suffering a loss high-frequency, high known
And therefore for any inconvenience. LTE is also recognized that the building before. 20 000 m2 will be used DAS work

Active DAS the lining of the base station or repeater and distribution. Extend wireless coverage inside buildings via fiber optic cable and RF is, several remote antenna units in different areas of the building connected. In the past, had questions with solutions. DAS with the ability to support many simultaneous concerned TDD and Frequency hardware-based server. Requires additional hardware increases the Table service later mean hidden costs for upgrades. THE number of solutions.

Recently. Recently expenses DAS effective option was introduced, this is the real wideband, use this option with DAS or the total number of supported wireless protocol Plan two or frequency of a system without giving any service-round system has the ability to service that have peace of mind to support the evidence. - Building a new future investments in wireless infrastructure, new services without adding the cost for adding or updating.

7 Summary.

WiMAX has started the process to a comprehensive solution and needs to be found. And scalable network architecture is flexible and efficient. Strategies that operators choose to increase the coverage and is a major influence on their plan, the project, a network of very began as a basic network, facilitate or hamper the infrastructure growth in the future it is important that the launch of an indoor coverage and high power density at the beginning. Phases of planning

No single solution. Entrepreneurs must hingucker carefully to understand their markets and market-specific needs and challenges of the physical environment, their will, in most cases, the individual operators, see different ways to get the best coverage and capabilities the effect must be given. The route is not yet. Limited and selected products. However, high capacity and reach to increase critical issues quickly. increasing demand for services. Growth and WiMAX phones appear on the market.

8 references.

[1] L.-D. Chou, C.-C. Lee, M.-Y. Lee and C.-Y. Chang, "Location - Aware Active. Learning as

Connectionless position. Environment in the context of "Positioning. Navigation and communication

Series in Hanover contributions zur. Telecommunications pp. 189-194, Verlag Shaker Verlag.

Germany ISBN: 3-8322-2553-6, March 2004th

[2] L.-D. Chou, C.-H. Wu, S.-P. Ho and C.-C. Lee, "Multimedia Location - Aware Mobile Learning.

Systems in Museums "seminar the IASTED WBE 2004 - International Conference on Web - based Education, Innsbruck, Austria, February 2004.

[3] L.-D. Chou, C.-C. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, C.-HG-Y. Liao Jian Chang and K.-F., design and

The implementation of systematic Multimedia Tour Guide Seminar "of Thanet in 2003.

[4] Taiwan Taipei area network meetings. Taiwan, ROC, pp. 957-962, October 2003.

[5] IEEE Ojanpera T. and Prasad R., "Overview of the Air Interface Multiple Access IMT-2000/UMTS.

[6] L.-D. Chou, C.-C. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, C.-Y. Chang, "Learning systems in mobile Guides.

Museum Seminar "The WMTE.  IEEE 2004 IEEE Second International Workshop on.

Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education Chungli, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC. March 2004.

[7] form the antenna and the importance of them. Cisco Systems.

[8] The DS230 Service Manual Green Packet.

[9] DV230 Service Manual Green Packet.

[10] Practical Guide. WiMAX Antennas: MIMO and Beamforming Technical Overview of Motorola Corporation.

[11] Rome High - projects with WiMAX. : Meeting the challenge of Senza Fili Consulting as.

[12] Sequans Communications: from WiMAX to 4G Sequans Communications.

[13] Wireless Goldsmith. Andrea, Cambridge University Press.

About the Author

K.RAVI

Assist.Professor

Dept. of Informatics

Alluri Institute of Management Sciences

Hunter Road, Warangal, A.P., India.

e-Mail ID: kolipakaravi@yahoo.co.in

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